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This is a list of the Byzantine emperors from the foundation of Constantinople in 330 AD, which marks the conventional start of the Eastern Roman or Byzantine Empire, to its fall to the Ottoman Empire in 1453 AD. Only the emperors who were recognized as legitimate rulers and exercised sovereign authority are included, to the exclusion of junior co-emperors (''symbasileis'') who never attained the status of sole or senior ruler, as well as of the various usurpers or rebels who claimed the imperial title. Traditionally, the line of Byzantine emperors is held to begin with the Roman Emperor Constantine the Great, the first Christian emperor, who rebuilt the city of Byzantium as an imperial capital, Constantinople, and who was regarded by the later Byzantine emperors as the model ruler. It was under Constantine that the major characteristics of what is considered the Byzantine state emerged: a Roman polity centered at Constantinople and culturally dominated by the Greek East, with Christianity as the state religion. All Byzantine emperors considered themselves "Roman Emperors"; the term "Byzantine" was coined by Western historiography only in the 16th century. The use of the title "Roman Emperor" was not contested until after the Papal coronation of the Frankish Charlemagne as "Holy Roman Emperor" (25 December 800 AD), done partly in response to the Byzantine coronation of Empress Irene, whose claim, as a woman, was not recognized by Pope Leo III. The title of all Emperors preceding Heraclius was officially "''Augustus''," although other titles such as ''Dominus'' were also used. Their names were preceded by ''Imperator Caesar'' and followed by ''Augustus''. Following Heraclius, the title commonly became the Greek ''Basileus'' (Gr. Βασιλεύς), which had formerly meant sovereign but was then used in place of ''Augustus''. Following the establishment of the rival Holy Roman Empire in Western Europe, the title "''Autokrator''" (Gr. Αὐτοκράτωρ) was increasingly used. In later centuries, the Emperor could be referred to by Western Christians as the "Emperor of the Greeks." Towards the end of the Empire, they referred to themselves as "(name ) in Christ, Emperor and Autocrat of the Romans" (cf. Ῥωμαῖοι and Rûm). In the medieval period, dynasties were common, but the principle of hereditary succession was never formalized in the Empire,〔p. 183, Karayannopoulous, Yanis, "State Organization, Social Structure, Economy, and Commerce," ''History of Humanity - Scientific and Cultural Development from the Seventh to the Sixteenth Centuries, Vol. IV,'' M. A. Al-Bakhit, L. Bazin, S. M. Cissoko and M. S. Asimov, Editors, UNESCO, Paris (2000)〕 and hereditary succession was a custom rather than an inviolable principle.〔 Including the Palaiologan dynasty, claimed Byzantine Emperors in exile, there were a total of 99 Emperors of the thousand-year-old Eastern Roman Empire. ==Constantinian dynasty (306–363)== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of Byzantine emperors」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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